Ruby 中 class 與 module 的差異.

來源: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/151505/difference-between-a-class-and-a-module

想像一下~  module 就像是 library , 可以被其他 classs include or extend .

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║               ║ class                     ║ module                          ║
╠═══════════════╬═══════════════════════════╬═════════════════════════════════╣
║ instantiation ║ can be instantiated       ║ can *not* be instantiated       ║
╟───────────────╫───────────────────────────╫─────────────────────────────────╢
║ usage         ║ object creation           ║ mixin facility. provide         ║
║               ║                           ║   a namespace.                  ║
╟───────────────╫───────────────────────────╫─────────────────────────────────╢
║ superclass    ║ module                    ║ object                          ║
╟───────────────╫───────────────────────────╫─────────────────────────────────╢
║ consists of   ║ methods, constants,       ║ methods, constants,             ║
║               ║   and variables           ║   and classes                   ║
╟───────────────╫───────────────────────────╫─────────────────────────────────╢
║ methods       ║ class methods,            ║ module methods,                 ║
║               ║   instance methods        ║   instance methods              ║
╟───────────────╫───────────────────────────╫─────────────────────────────────╢
║ inheritance   ║ inherits behavior and can ║ No inheritance                  ║
║               ║   be base for inheritance ║                                 ║
╟───────────────╫───────────────────────────╫─────────────────────────────────╢
║ inclusion     ║ cannot be included        ║ can be included in classes and  ║
║               ║                           ║   modules by using the include  ║
║               ║                           ║   command (includes all         ║
║               ║                           ║   instance methods as instance  ║
║               ║                           ║   methods in class/module)      ║
╟───────────────╫───────────────────────────╫─────────────────────────────────╢
║ extension     ║ can not extend with       ║ module can extend instance by   ║
║               ║   extend command          ║   using extend command (extends ║
║               ║   (only with inheritance) ║   given instance with singleton ║
║               ║                           ║   methods from module)          ║
╚═══════════════╩═══════════════════════════╩═════════════════════════════════╝